Note: If you are using gcc, you would have to compile the C code with the following parameters in order to link the math library:

gcc filename.c -o outputfile -lm

C provides a robust set of mathematical functions through the <math.h> header file, enabling programmers to perform a wide range of mathematical operations. Here’s a detailed explanation of some commonly used C math functions, along with examples.

Common C Math Functions

1. Power Function: pow()

   • Description: Raises a base to the power of an exponent.

   • Prototype: 

double pow(double base, double exponent);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double base = 2.0;

    double exponent = 3.0;

    double result = pow(base, exponent);

    printf("Power: %.2lf^%.2lf = %.2lf\n", base, exponent, result);

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Power: 2.00^3.00 = 8.00

2. Square Root: sqrt()

   • Description: Computes the square root of a number.

   • Prototype: 

double sqrt(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double num = 16.0;

    printf("Square root of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, sqrt(num));

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Square root of 16.00 is 4.00

3. Ceiling: ceil()

   • Description: Rounds a number up to the nearest integer.

   • Prototype: 

double ceil(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double num = 4.3;

    printf("Ceiling of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, ceil(num));

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Ceiling of 4.30 is 5.00

4. Floor: floor()

   • Description: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

   • Prototype: 

double floor(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double num = 4.7;

    printf("Floor of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, floor(num));

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Floor of 4.70 is 4.00

5. Absolute Value: fabs()

   • Description: Returns the absolute value of a floating-point number.

   • Prototype: 

double fabs(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double num = -5.5;

    printf("Absolute value of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, fabs(num));

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Absolute value of -5.50 is 5.50

6. Trigonometric Functions: sin(), cos(), tan()

   • Description: Computes the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle (in radians).

   • Prototypes:

double sin(double x);

double cos(double x);

double tan(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double angle = 30.0; // Angle in degrees

    double radians = angle * (M_PI / 180.0); // Convert to radians

    printf("Sine of %.2lf degrees is %.2lf\n", angle, sin(radians));

    printf("Cosine of %.2lf degrees is %.2lf\n", angle, cos(radians));

    printf("Tangent of %.2lf degrees is %.2lf\n", angle, tan(radians));

    return 0;

}

Output:

Sine of 30.00 degrees is 0.50

Cosine of 30.00 degrees is 0.87

Tangent of 30.00 degrees is 0.58

7. Exponential Function: exp()

   • Description: Computes the value of e raised to the power of x.

   • Prototype: 

double exp(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double x = 1.0;

    printf("e^%.2lf = %.2lf\n", x, exp(x));

    return 0;

}

Output: 

e^1.00 = 2.71

8. Logarithmic Functions: log(), log10()

   • Description: Computes the natural logarithm and base-10 logarithm.

   • Prototypes:

double log(double x);

double log10(double x);

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main() {

    double num = 100.0;

    printf("Natural log of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, log(num));

    printf("Base-10 log of %.2lf is %.2lf\n", num, log10(num));

    return 0;

}

Output:

Natural log of 100.00 is 4.61

Base-10 log of 100.00 is 2.00

• Write a C program to find the largest number in an array.

• Write a C program to reverse an array of integers.

• Write a C program to sort an array of numbers in the ascending order.

• Write a C program to find the mean, median and mode of elements in an array.

• Write a C program to calculate the square root of each element in an array of integers using the sqrt() function, and then store the results in a new array? Ensure that the input array and the resulting array are accessible across different functions.

• Write a C program which squares an array.

• Write a program that reads an array of integers from the user and calculates the sin() and cos() of the sum of the array elements.